來源:大醫(yī)小護 作者:Daily Health雜志 2018-05-11 16:19:59
去除異物
4.Foreign body
Remove the foreign body.
5.心因性咳嗽:
行為干預(yù)或心理療法。
5.Psychogenic cough
Behaviour modification therapies and psychological counseling are used for intervention, such as self-hypnosis, biofeedback, or suggestion therapy.
6.抽動性咳嗽
根據(jù)不同的程度,予以心理行為治療或聯(lián)用藥物治療。
6.Tic cough
Behaviour modification therapies and psychological counseling or with medications.
總之,根據(jù)專家共識和指南,對于兒童慢性咳嗽,治療原則是應(yīng)該先明確病因,針對病因治療。但根據(jù)多中心調(diào)查結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),慢性咳嗽的寶寶中還有一部分是由多重原因造成的。有時候?qū)殞毜呐R床表現(xiàn)不典型,一時半會兒找不到明確的原因時,專家給的建議是,可以先經(jīng)驗性的對癥治療,治療后隨訪并再評估。如果咳嗽癥狀沒有緩解,根據(jù)年齡,病史,體檢結(jié)果,決定下一步的檢查,比如胸片,肺功能測定,過敏原測試,五官科和鼻竇CT檢查等等,并評估新的治療方案。這個過程可能不是一兩次就診,檢查和用藥就完成。
According to 2013 Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Chinese Children, the main treatment for chronic cough should be based on the underlying cause. However, sometimes chronic cough was caused by multiple etiologies. An empiric trial of intervention can be applied and then review again. The presence of multiple cough etiologies may delay response to therapy if all causes are not treated appropriately. Additionally, one must periodically reassess therapy and discontinue it in nonresponsive patients. Further investigations may be needed for evaluation, such as chest x-ray, spirometry, allergy test, sinus CT scan etc. Doctors will adjust the management plan according to the assessment.
看了這么多,爸爸媽媽是不是覺得有點暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向,無所適從呢?別急,這里給大家提供出幾個看病小技巧:
1.選擇一位爸爸媽媽信任的擅長兒科呼吸專業(yè)或過敏專業(yè)的醫(yī)生,聽從指導(dǎo),進行必要的檢查和治療,要有耐心,定期隨訪,以便根據(jù)孩子的具體情況及時調(diào)整檢查和治療的方案。
2.提供醫(yī)生詳細準(zhǔn)確的病史,檢查結(jié)果,治療經(jīng)過,及用藥情況。比如:
什么時候開始的咳嗽?
單聲咳還是一連串的咳嗽?
咳嗽的聲音是怎么樣的?
咳嗽頻率?嚴(yán)重程度?
干咳還是濕咳?
晚上厲害還是白天明顯?
奔跑運動后咳嗽加重嗎?
除了咳嗽還有其他癥狀嗎?
有沒有鼻涕,什么顏色?
有無打鼾?
之前有感冒病史嗎?
咳嗽和進食或體位有什么關(guān)聯(lián)嗎?
有沒有濕疹史,過敏性鼻炎史或過敏疾病的家族史?
有沒有食物或環(huán)境因素過敏史?
咳嗽有沒有和環(huán)境因素相關(guān)?比如霧霾,粉塵,塵螨,花粉,煙霧,油煙,貓,狗,油漆味,海鮮等等。
做過什么檢查?結(jié)果如何?
另外,經(jīng)驗性治療效果不佳時,需要家長仔細回憶有無異物吸入的可能,特別是幼兒。
用的藥物名稱,劑量?時間?用藥后的效果?
3. 不濫用抗生素和止咳藥,用藥須在醫(yī)生的指導(dǎo)下進行。
單純的止咳是治標(biāo)不治本的,而且,有些含有中樞鎮(zhèn)咳藥物的咳嗽糖漿,會抑制孩子的咳嗽反射,呼吸道中的分泌物就很容易積聚在咽部或氣管里繼發(fā)感染
Tips for a successful doctor visit:
1.Choose a pediatrician specialize in allergy and pulmonology.
2.Prepare for your doctor visit in advance: provide detailed medical history, keep a symptom diary, and know the results of laboratory test and what medications your child is taking.
When and how did the cough begin?
What is the cough's character or quality?
How disruptive and how frequent is it?
Is it a dry or wet cough?
At what time(s) does the cough occur? What triggers the cough?
Is it more during the day or more at the night?
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